Читать онлайн «The Honest Truth about Dishonesty: How We Lie to Everyone--Especially Ourselves»

Dedication

To my teachers, collaborators, and students, for making research fun and exciting.

And to all the participants who took part in our experiments over the years—you are the engine of this research, and I am deeply grateful for all your help.

Contents

Title Page

Dedication

Introduction

Why Is Dishonesty So Interesting?

From Enron to our own misbehaviors … A fascination with cheating … Becker’s parking problem and the birth of rational crime … Elderly volunteers and petty thieves … Why behavioral economics and dishonesty?

Chapter 1

Testing the Simple Model of Rational Crime (SMORC)

Get rich cheating … Tempting people to cheat, the measure of dishonesty … What we know versus what we think we know about dishonesty … Cheating when we can’t get caught … Market vendors, cab drivers, and cheating the blind … Fishing and tall tales … Striking a balance between truth and cheating.

Chapter 2

Fun with the Fudge Factor

Why some things are easier to steal than others … How companies pave the way for dishonesty … Token dishonesty … How pledges, commandments, honor codes, and paying with cash can support honesty … But lock your doors just the same … And a bit about religion, the IRS, and insurance companies.

Chapter 2B

Golf

Man versus himself … A four-inch lie … Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to take the mulligan … Schrödinger’s scorecard.

Chapter 3

Blinded by Our Own Motivations

Craze lines, tattoos, and how conflicts of interest distort our perception … How favors affect our choices … Why full disclosure and other policies aren’t fully effective … Imagining less conflicted compensation … Disclosure and regulation are the answers—or not.

Chapter 4

Why We Blow It When We’re Tired

Why we don’t binge in the morning … Willpower: another limited resource … Judgment on an empty

stomach … How flexing our cognitive and moral muscles can make us more dishonest … Self-depletion and a rational theory of temptation.

Chapter 5

Why Wearing Fakes Makes Us Cheat More

The secret language of shoes … From ermine to Armani and the importance of signaling … Do knockoffs knock down our standards of honesty? … Can gateway fibs lead to monster lies? … When “what the hell” wreaks havoc … There’s no such thing as one little white lie Halting the downward spiral.

Chapter 6

Cheating Ourselves

Claws and peacock tails … When answer keys tell us what we already knew … Overly optimistic IQ scores … The Center for Advanced Hindsight … Being Kubrick … War heroes and sports heroes who let us down … Helping ourselves to a better self-image.

Chapter 7

Creativity and Dishonesty: We Are All Storytellers

The tales we tell ourselves and how we create stories we can believe … Why creative people are better liars … Redrawing the lines until we see what we want … When irritation spurs us onward … How thinking creatively can get us into trouble.

Chapter 8

Cheating as an Infection: How We Catch the Dishonesty Germ

Catching the cheating bug … One bad apple really does spoil the barrel (unless that apple goes to the University of Pittsburgh) … How ambiguous rules + group dynamics = cultures of cheating … A possible road to ethical health.